Abbreviations

Standards for handling abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms.

Abbreviations

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Full Stops in Abbreviations

Full stops should only be used at the end of sentences, and never used in abbreviations.

Examples: Dr, Mr, UK

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Academic Degrees

Academic degrees are abbreviated without full stops or spaces.

Examples: MA, MSc

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Acronyms

No punctuation should be used in acronyms, which should be uppercase.

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Special Cases

Please note however etcetera should be written etc. with a full stop.

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Examples

Correct abbreviations:

  • Dr Smith (not Dr. Smith)
  • Mr Jones (not Mr. Jones)
  • UK government (not U.K. government)
  • MA degree (not M.A. degree)
  • BBC news (not B.B.C. news)
  • etc. (with full stop)

Incorrect:

  • Dr. Smith
  • U.K.
  • M.A.
  • B.B.C.
  • etc (without full stop)

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Consistency

Be consistent throughout the document with abbreviation formatting.

Other Formatting Guidelines